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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
\caption{WhatsApp RD and RCT Results -- 2020\label{tab:RCT}}
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\begin{tabular}{lrrrrr}
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  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{ } &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)}\\
 &\multicolumn{2}{c}{RCT} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{ }&\multicolumn{2}{c}{RD}\\\cline{2-3}\cline{5-6}
  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{ITT} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{IV} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{ } &\multicolumn{1}{c}{ITT} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{IV}\\\midrule

\\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{\textit{A. Balance}} \\
Economically Vulnerable  & -0.019 &  &   & -0.012 &  \\ 
  & (0.006) &  &   & (0.039) &  \\ 
\\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{\textit{B. Message receipt}} \\
WhatsApp read  & 0.466 &  &   & 0.528 &  \\ 
  & (0.005) &  &   & (0.030) &  \\ 
SMS reminder received  & -0.028 &  &   & 0.459 &  \\ 
  & (0.004) &  &   & (0.034) &  \\ 
Total treatments before final SMS  & 0.506 &  &   & 0.845 &  \\ 
  & (0.016) &  &   & (0.116) &  \\ 
Total treatments endline  & 0.483 &  &   & 1.305 &  \\ 
  & (0.016) &  &   & (0.122) &  \\ 
\\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{\textit{C. Outcomes in clean 44 hours before SMS followup}} \\
Any modification  & 0.035 &  &   & 0.015 &  \\ 
  & (0.002) &  &   & (0.017) &  \\ 
Add any  & 0.033 &  &   & 0.020 &  \\ 
  & (0.002) &  &   & (0.017) &  \\ 
Schools Added  & 0.075 & 2.281 &   & 0.103 & 5.260 \\ 
  & (0.007) & (0.136) &   & (0.042) & (3.194) \\ 
$\Delta$ Risk  & -0.010 & -0.297 &   & -0.004 & -0.209 \\ 
  & (0.001) & (0.018) &   & (0.004) & (0.131) \\ 
\\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{\textit{D. Endline outcomes}} \\
Any modification  & 0.046 &  &   & 0.012 &  \\ 
  & (0.004) &  &   & (0.021) &  \\ 
Add any  & 0.044 &  &   & 0.021 &  \\ 
  & (0.003) &  &   & (0.020) &  \\ 
Schools Added  & 0.112 & 2.550 &   & 0.138 & 6.681 \\ 
  & (0.011) & (0.175) &   & (0.065) & (4.764) \\ 
$\Delta$ Risk  & -0.013 & -0.301 &   & -0.006 & -0.307 \\ 
  & (0.001) & (0.022) &   & (0.004) & (0.206) \\ 
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\floatfoot{\scriptsize
\textit{Notes. }ITT and IV effects of 2020 WhatsApp warnings intervention. RCT columns: effects of random assignment to treatment group vs. control group for students with predicted risk $> 0.30$. Robust SEs in parentheses. N=17,970. RD columns: regression discontinuity evaluation in treatment group around 0.30 cutoff. RD specifications computed using local linear fit with a bandwidth of 0.1. Standard errors are heteroskedasticity-robust nearest neighbor variance estimator with minimum of 3 neighbors, as in \citet{calonico2014robust}. ITT column shows effects of group assignment. IV columns show the instrumental variable specification, where the endogenous regressor is the add any school indicator, instrumented with group assignment for the RCT, and with a dummy of crossing the risky threshold for the RD. Panel A: balance tests on predetermined characteristics. Panel B: message receipt. ``WhatsApp read'' is an indicator equal to one if applicant views the WhatsApp treatment message. ``SMS remainder received'' is indicator for receiving SMS reminder 44 hours later. Panel C: outcomes within 44 hour window between WhatsApp intervention and followup SMS.  Panel D: endline choice behavior and placement outcomes. See section \ref{sec:RCT-eval} for details.
}
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